Needs Assessment Discussion Question

Needs Assessment Discussion Question

Needs Assessment Discussion Question

Description

Healthcare Executives. Not for sale. THE PLANNING MODEL  o Planning → implementation → evaluation → more planning Five components of a plan o Ends—outcomes in goals and objectives o Means—policies, programs, procedures, practices o Resources—how to acquire and allocate them o Implementation—design to carry out plan o Control—procedures to detect and correct errors 2 Copyright 2015 Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives. Not for sale. TYPES OF PLANNING o o o o o o o Community planning Institutional planning Strategic planning o Vision—long-range “view” o Mission—purpose of organization o Goals—statements about how to achieve objectives o Objectives—measurable outcomes linked to goals o Four sets of activities o Where are we now? o Where should we be going? o How should we get there? o Are we getting there? Operational planning o Shorter and more functional Tactical planning o How to achieve mission, vision, goals, and objectives day by day Project or program planning—aimed at specific activities Contingency planning (e.g., disaster planning) Copyright 2015 Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives.

Not for sale. 3 INSTITUTIONAL PLANNING o Four models of planning theory o o Rational/comprehensive—broad view of environment Incremental—steps needed to achieve goal o o Mixed scanning—blend of rational and incremental o o Step-by-step changes (e.g., for budget) Detailed look at some aspects of plan Radical planning—emphasize innovation and spontaneity 4 Copyright 2015 Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives. Not for sale. MARKETING o o o More than advertising Exchange between two parties to satisfy needs Four “Ps” of marketing o Product—activity of the organization o Place—how product/service is delivered o Price—charge + whatever else consumer must go through to use service o o Links revenue with consumer satisfaction Promotion—activities to acquaint patient with service 5 Copyright 2015 Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives. Not for sale. HOW DO PLANNING AND MARKETING USE EPIDEMIOLOGY? o o o o Environmental or needs assessment Product definition requires description of need Place definition requires description of barriers to access, epidemiology descriptors by place Promotion may use motivation messages based on prevention 6 Copyright 2015 Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives. Not for sale. COMMUNITY HEALTH PLANNING TOOLS o o o Healthy People 1990 o Goals related to decreasing mortality by age group and morbidity for those over 65 Healthy People 2000 o Three goals o Increase life span o Reduce health disparities o Achieve access to preventive services Healthy People 2010 o Two overarching goals o Increase quality and length of life o Eliminate health disparities o Ten indicators o Physical activity, overweight/obesity, tobacco use, substance abuse, responsible sexual behavior, mental health, injury and violence, environmental quality, immunization, access to healthcare 7 Copyright 2015 Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives.

Top nursing paper writers on hand to assist you with assignment : Needs Assessment Discussion Question

Not for sale. COMMUNITY HEALTH PLANNING TOOLS o Health People 2020 o Twelve leading health indicators o Access to health services o Clinical preventive services o Environmental quality o Injury and violence o Maternal, infant, and child health o Mental health o Nutrition, physical activity, and obesity o Oral health o Reproductive and sexual health o Social determinants o Substance abuse o Tobacco 8 Copyright 2015 Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives. Not for sale. HEALTHY PEOPLE 1990 Life Stage Infants 1990 Target 35 percent lower death rate (9 deaths per 1,000 live births) Children 20 percent lower death rate (34 per 100,000) Adolescents/Young Adults 20 percent lower death rate (93 per 100,000) Adults 25 percent lower death rate (400 per 100,000) Older Adults 20 percent fewer days of restricted activity 9 Copyright 2015 Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives. Not for sale. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000 Health status objective: Reduce coronary heart disease deaths to no more than 100 per 100,000 people Risk reduction objective: Reduce cigarette smoking to a prevalence of no more than 15 percent among those age 20 or older Service and protection: Increase to at least 75 percent the proportion of worksite objectives with a formal smoking policy that prohibits or severely restricts smoking in the workplace 10 Copyright 2015 Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives. Not for sale. NEEDS ASSESSMENT “The epidemiological approach involves describing need related to particular health problems using estimates of the incidence, prevalence and other surrogates of health impact measured from the local population or elsewhere. This approach can be extended to the consideration, alongside these measures, of the ways in which existing services are delivered and the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of interventions intended to meet the needs thus described.” Source: Williams and Wright (1998). 11 Copyright 2015 Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives. Not for sale. NEEDS ASSESSMENT: THEORY AND CONCEPTS o o o o o o NEED—amount of medical services that should be consumed to remain healthy o Who decides? Medical professionals? o “Some disturbance in health or well-being” (Donabedian 1973) DEMAND—amount of services wanted at different prices WANT—services desired irrespective of prices NEED ASSESSMENT Definition 1: Measuring ill health in a population (health needs viewed as health losses; Robinson and Elkan 1996) o Problem: not all health needs are health losses; people need to remain healthy o Problem: What happens if identify problems? How does need translate into use? Definition 2: Capacity to benefit from healthcare o Advantage: recognizes that not all health problems can be cured o o o Advantage: forces us to look at outcomes—how to define benefit? Who decides? Involves value judgments Problem: logical conclusion—if people don’t benefit, they are not in need o Benefits often defined narrowly by clinicians o Who decides what is beneficial outcome? Definition 3: Economists’ definition: determining competing claims on healthcare resources (rationing) Source: Spiegel and Hyman (1991) Copyright 2015 Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives. Not for sale. 12 NEEDS ASSESSMENT METHODS o Key informant survey o Survey knowledgeable people o Police, clergy, clinic directors, program clients o Purpose—locate/identify needs for at-risk populations o Advantages—low cost, simplicity, quick turnaround o Disadvantages—subjective, biased information o Steps o Describe goals o Determine criteria to select informants o Identify key informants o Develop methods to collect data (face to face, mail, group interview, etc.) o Construct survey instrument o Select/train staff o Analyze data Source: Spiegel and Hyman (1991) Copyright 2015 Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives. Not for sale. 13 NEEDS ASSESSMENT METHODS o Community survey o Purpose—identify needs for affected population o Advantages—collect data from targeted population → unbiased o Disadvantages—expensive, time-consuming o Steps o Describe goals o Define targeted population o Develop criteria for sampling (random, stratified, or whatever) o Determine sampling methodology (area sampling, list sampling) o Select sample o Determine data-collection methods o Construct instrument o Schedule data collection o Collect data o Reduce data (edit, code data, etc.) o Analyze data 14 Source: Spiegel and Hyman (1991) Copyright 2015 Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives. Not for sale. NEEDS ASSESSMENT METHODS o Demographic analysis o o o o o Use demographic data from existing sources (e.g., US census data) Purpose—identify target population and project needs Advantages—availability of data, low cost Disadvantages—some needs variables not available on data intended for other uses Steps o Describe goals o Define types of data needed o Contact agencies to determine availability o Access data o Reduce and analyze data Source: Spiegel and Hyman (1991) Copyright 2015 Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives. Not for sale.