Assignment: Functionalism and Non Sociologists Should Law Impose Morality Research Question
Assignment: Functionalism and Non Sociologists Should Law Impose Morality Research Question
Assignment: Functionalism and Non Sociologists Should Law Impose Morality Research Question
functionalism, in social sciences, theory based on the premise that all aspects of a society—institutions, roles, norms, etc.—serve a purpose and that all are indispensable for the long-term survival of the society. The approach gained prominence in the works of 19th-century sociologists, particularly those who viewed societies as organisms. The French sociologist Émile Durkheim argued that it was necessary to understand the “needs” of the social organism to which social phenomena correspond. Other writers have used the concept of function to mean the interrelationships of parts within a system, the adaptive aspect of a phenomenon, or its observable consequences. In sociology, functionalism met the need for a method of analysis; in anthropology it provided an alternative to evolutionary theory and trait-diffusion analysis.
A social system is assumed to have a functional unity in which all parts of the system work together with some degree of internal consistency. Functionalism also postulates that all cultural or social phenomena have a positive function and that all are indispensable. Distinctions have been made between manifest functions, those consequences intended and recognized by participants in the system, and latent functions, which are neither intended nor recognized.
The first step of writing an academic paper is to find a topic. For our purpose of honing philosophical skills, a good topic is one that you are curious to know more about. Since doing philosophy is more fun when it is an investigation. Try not to pick a topic on which you already have a very strong opinion. After you pick a topic (e.g., irrationality), the next thing to formulate is a research question about that topic and lay out all the potential candidate answers to that question. For this assignment, I will ask you to write one research question and at least two potential answers to that question. The following sample showcases the desirable format for this assignment:
Here is how the assignment will be graded: (First point) You will get 1 point for writing the question, answer 1, and answer 2. (Second and third point) The question should be a controversial question. The question would be controversial if and only if there are two mutually exclusive answers which are both sensible. For each sensible answer, you will get one additional point. (Fourth point) Try to make the question as specific as possible. I can ask a more general question “Are social sciences autonomous?”, which does not specify the science we are considering in the question: Are we debating whether psychology is autonomous, or whether sociology is autonomous? Are we considering the argument for its autonomy from multiple realizability or from a distinct mode of reason-explanation that is non-causal? And autonomous from what, other social sciences or some physical science? Here are some benefits of having a specific research question: It would allow us to find relevant literature more easily; it allows us to control the length of our essay; it also gives us a guide on which we do not need to talk about in our essay. (Fifth point) Try to find actual academic sources to support your candidate answers, as I did above. Here are some good web resources to start looking for relevant papers: philpaper.org; plato.stanford.edu. You don’t need to carefully read a paper in order to decide that it supports one of your answers; a quick read of its abstract or introduction section would be enough. If you find that there are not papers directly responding to your question, revise your question! It is also a good strategy to see what these papers are arguing against, and whether the papers they are arguing against can offer an alternative answer to the same research question. Learning how to locate academic papers for your research question can speed up your subsequent process of writing an essay. And if you can find academic papers to support different potential answers
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