Tuckman’s five stages of group formation
Tuckman’s five stages of group formation
Tuckman’s five stages of group formation is a model that describes the process that groups go through in order to become an effective team. The model was developed by Bruce Tuckman in 1965 and has since become a widely accepted framework for understanding the dynamics of group development.
The five stages of group formation according to Tuckman are:
- Forming: In this initial stage, the group comes together and begins to get to know each other. Members are usually polite and avoid conflict as they establish ground rules, set goals, and clarify their roles.
- Storming: As the group begins to work together, tensions may arise and disagreements may occur as members express their differing opinions and ideas. This stage is often marked by conflict and negotiation as the group tries to establish a hierarchy of leadership and determine how best to work together.
- Norming: Once the group has resolved some of the conflicts and established a shared understanding of how to work together, they begin to establish a sense of unity and cohesion. During this stage, the group establishes norms and values, and members may begin to form friendships and bond with each other.
- Performing: With a shared sense of purpose and a clear understanding of their roles and responsibilities, the group is now able to work together effectively to achieve their goals. This stage is marked by high levels of productivity, cooperation, and a focus on achieving the task at hand.
- Adjourning: This final stage occurs when the group completes their task or project and begins to disband. Members may experience a sense of loss as they say goodbye to each other, and the group reflects on their accomplishments and lessons learned.
It is important to note that while these stages are sequential, they are not always linear and may occur in a different order or overlap with each other. Additionally, some groups may experience multiple cycles of these stages as they take on new tasks or projects over time.
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