Research on Healthcare Applications of Chemical Reactions

Research on Healthcare Applications of Chemical Reactions

Research on Healthcare Applications of Chemical Reactions
Discussion Question 1
Using the South University Online Library or the Internet, research on healthcare applications of chemical reactions.
On the basis of your research, respond to the following:

• What is the difference between biochemical, pharmaceutical, and diagnostic chemical reactions in healthcare?
• What is a specific example that exists for each of these chemical reaction types above and why might it be of importance to healthcare professionals?
• List a balanced chemical equation for each of these chemical reaction types and explain how it is used in your example above.

Discussion Question 2
The role of catalysts is critical in many chemical reactions. They have great consequence in the fields of medicine and pharmacology.
Using the South University Online Library or the Internet, research on catalysts and how they work. On the basis of your research, respond to the following:

• Identify the two important classes of catalysts.
• Choose a catalyst that exists in the human body. Explain its importance and how it works.
• Analyze the chemical reactions that take place when a biological catalyst combines with a reactant (substrate) to form an unstable intermediate.
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Medicinal chemistry comprises several scientific disciplines: organic chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, physical organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, molecular biology, analytical chemistry, engineering, genetics, etc. Nowadays, this complex approach is significantly developing and allows gaining a novel level – personalized medicine. It means: choice of a drug and its use regime should fit every individual specifically, so efficacy of medicinal treatment would improve significantly. Such a progress is possible thanks to a novel approach in many branches, eg, nowadays polypharmacology is developing fast. It means that pleiotropic properties of compounds, which were treated negatively for a long time, considered in many cases as side effects, are reconsidered gradually as desirable bioactivities. Therefore, exclusively selective compounds that have been a quest for decades are not any more considered as golden standards. On the contrary, many well known, powerful, and successful drugs turned out to be “dirty.” They are beneficial since due to their pleiotropic properties they regulate several signaling pathways, which was not realized when they were introduced as drugs with a single activity principle.

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The European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) conference “Personalised Medicine: Better Healthcare for the Future – A Rational Approach Focusing on Bioinformatics, Medicinal Chemistry and Medicine” was a significant event to establish new principles for the medicine of the future (1). It is a milestone in the fast development of medicinal chemistry and drug development.

This strategic COST conference fits the general mission of the COST goals very well: to pick up novel emerging features and principles in science, to support them, and to bring attention of society on the most important novelties. The conference demonstrated the importance of collaboration of many specialists to create innovative products for health care, and food, vitamins, nutritional supplements, as well as high tech materials (2). A series of 18 interviews made on COST Strategic Conference deliver the take-home message from different stakeholders (policy makers, patient associations, scientists, and clinicians) (http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL08CF13F5A0482A2B&feature=plcp). Prof. Alain van Gool (coordinator Personal medicine, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research) turned attention to the relevance of system biology: to monitor the effect of interventions on the human system as a whole and timely adjust when needed (3). When organism turns from healthy state to disease (eg, diabetes, its complications, including nephropathy, brain disorders, cardiovascular events, etc), gradual disturbances of multiple equilibriums occur. Therefore, several specialists should participate in studies of medicinal chemistry and personalized medicine. The potential for multi-target drugs is significant; it coincides with evolvement of novel drug discovery paradigm of designed polypharmacology. Such innovative task will need to involve coordinated collaboration of many specialists. Optimizing preconditions for that is “a must” both for scientists and for policy makers, who should create jointly functional and trusty networking links between academia and industry, both on regional and on global level supporting research and development