Psy/490 assignment
Psy/490 assignment
Psy/490 assignment
Psy/490 assignment
Psychology is the science of behavior and mind. Psychology includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought. It is an academic discipline of immense scope. Psychologists seek an understanding of the emergent properties of brains, and all the variety of phenomena linked to those emergent properties, joining this way the broader neuroscientific group of researchers. As a social science it aims to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases.[1][2]
In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors.
Psychologists explore behavior and mental processes, including perception, cognition, attention, emotion, intelligence, subjective experiences, motivation, brain functioning, and personality. This extends to interaction between people, such as interpersonal relationships, including psychological resilience, family resilience, and other areas. Psychologists of diverse orientations also consider the unconscious mind.[3] Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables. In addition, or in opposition, to employing empirical and deductive methods, some—especially clinical and counseling psychologists—at times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques. Psychology has been described as a “hub science” in that medicine tends to draw psychological research via neurology and psychiatry, whereas social sciences most commonly draws directly from sub-disciplines within psychology.[4]
While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems, it is also directed towards understanding and solving problems in several spheres of human activity. By many accounts psychology ultimately aims to benefit society.[5][6] The majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role, practicing in clinical, counseling, or school settings. Many do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior, and typically work in university psychology departments or teach in other academic settings (e.g., medical schools, hospitals). Some are employed in industrial and organizational settings, or in other areas[7] such as human development and aging, sports, health, and the media, as well as in forensic investigation and other aspects of law.
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Psy/490 assignment
1)
John wants to train his dog, Spot, to shake hands. John decides to reward Spot with a treat every time Spot raises his paw. John hopes to increase Spot’s handshaking behavior by following the behavior with a reward. This is an example of
A. [removed] aversive conditioning
B. [removed] positive reinforcement
C. [removed] extinction
D. [removed] negative reinforcement
2) Philosophers who believe that truth can emerge from the careful use of reason are known as
A. [removed] Dualists
B. [removed] Rationalists
C. [removed] Nativists
D. [removed] Empiricists
3) The two branches of statistical methods are
A. [removed] quadratic; quantitative
B. [removed] informal; formal
C. [removed] quantitative; qualitative
D. [removed] consumer; quantum
4) In a topographical representation of the motor cortex, the homunculus is the largest area devoted to
A. [removed] arms and legs
B. [removed] the face
C. [removed] the tongue
D. [removed] the hands
5) What theorist presents a hierarchy of needs and motivations?
A. [removed] Abraham Maslow
B. [removed] Carl Jung
C. [removed] B.F. Skinner
D. [removed] Sigmund Freud
6) Which of the following would be a concern for a person during early adulthood?
A. [removed] Relationships
B. [removed] Midlife Crisis
C. [removed] Leisure-time activities
D. [removed] Civic responsibility
7) In operant conditioning, which of the following is accurate?
A. [removed] Any response that is followed by a reinforcing stimulus tends to be repeated.
B. [removed] Any response that is followed by reward tends to become extinct.
C. [removed] Any response that is preceded by a reinforcing stimulus tends to be repeated.
D. [removed] Any response that is followed by punishment is likely to not be repeated.
8) The child begins to initiate, not imitate activities; to develop a conscience; and to experience a sexual identity. The ______stage, as defined by Erik Erikson, involves the crisis of initiative versus guilt.
A. [removed] Infant
B. [removed] Preschooler
C. [removed] School-age child
D. [removed] Toddler
9) Which theorist is most associated with Social Learning Theory?
A. [removed] Carl Rogers
B. [removed] Albert Bandura
C. [removed] Rollo May
D. [removed] B.F. Skinner
10) Which of the following is one of the five subtypes of schizophrenia?
A. [removed] Delusional
B. [removed] Organized
C. [removed] Complex
D. [removed] Catatonic
11) The two psychologists credited with being the main founders of Industrial and Organizational Psychology are
A. [removed] Sherlin and Billingsly
B. [removed] Freud and Jung
C. [removed] Hebb and Skinner
D. [removed] Munsterberg and Scott
12) Culture-bound syndromes refer to
A. [removed] medical conditions found in geographic areas of the world
B. [removed] medical or psychic conditions limited to specific societies or cultural areas
C. [removed] cultural names for common conditions found around the world
D. [removed] medical or psychic conditions that are influenced by cultural factors
13) Environmental psychology can be defined as a behavioral science that investigates the interrelationships between
A. [removed] physical environment and human behavior
B. [removed] emotional motivations and human behavior
C. [removed] family dynamic and work behavior
D. [removed] biological causes of physiological disregard
14) Validity in testing refers to which of the following?
A. [removed] Test scores are stable
B. [removed] Different forms of the test can be used
C. [removed] The test is measuring what it set to measure
D. [removed] Whether the test is available in different languages
15) Most psychotherapists would describe themselves as being
A. [removed] Psychoanalytic
B. [removed] Behavioral
C. [removed] Cognitive
D. [removed] Eclectic
Psy/490 assignment
Psy/490 assignment