Nursing and Health Policy in Other Nations NURS 8100 Discussion

Hello Koi-Lucie. Thanks for the insightful discussion. From your analysis, one of the main questions I would ask is: What are the similarities and differences between the Mental Health Parity Act (MHPA) of the United States policy and the Mental Health Act (1983) of the United Kingdom? The Mental Health Parity Act (MHPA) of the United States, enacted in 1996, requires that health insurance plans that offer mental health benefits must provide coverage for those benefits at parity with coverage for medical and surgical benefits. This means that if a plan offers $1,000 in coverage for medical and surgical benefits, it must also offer $1,000 in coverage for mental health benefits (Mulvaney-Day et al., 2019).

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The Mental Health Act (1983) of the United Kingdom is similar to the MHPA of the United States in that it requires that health insurance plans that offer mental health benefits must provide coverage for those benefits at parity with coverage for medical and surgical benefits (Peterson & Busch, 2018). However, there are some key differences between the two acts. There are several key differences between the Mental Health Parity Act (MHPA) of the United States and the Mental Health Act (1983) of the United Kingdom.

For one, the MHPA only applies to group health plans and insurers, while the Mental Health Act (1983) covers all health care providers in the UK. Additionally, the MHPA only requires parity in coverage for mental health benefits, while the Mental Health Act (1983) requires that all health care providers provide equal access to mental health services (Scarbrough, 2018). Finally, the MHPA does not include any provisions for compulsory treatment, while the Mental Health Act (1983) does allow for involuntary treatment in certain cases.

Also Read: NURS 8100 Week 1 Assignment: Staying Current: Online Resources

References

Mulvaney-Day, N., Gibbons, B. J., Alikhan, S., & Karakus, M. (2019). Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act and the Use of Outpatient Behavioral Health Services in the United States, 2005-2016. American journal of public health, 109(S3), S190–S196. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305023

Peterson, E., & Busch, S. (2018). Achieving mental health and substance use disorder treatment parity: a quarter century of policy making and research. Annual Review of Public Health, 39, 421-435. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013603

Scarbrough, J. A. (2018). The growing importance of mental health parity. American Journal of Law & Medicine, 44(2-3), 453-474. https://doi.org/10.1177/0098858818789432

Other Nations

Consider nurses who relocate because of professional opportunities.
How could such a seemingly insignificant personal decision have a negative impact on global health care? Nurse migration is a global concern, as discussed in this week’s Learning Resources. International health care organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Council of Nurses (ICN) have positioned themselves to craft related policy as a solution in response to this issue. This is only one example of a global nursing policy initiative.

To prepare:
Using the material from the Learning Resources, choose a nursing or health-related policy in the United States.
Look for a similar policy in another country on the internet.
Consider how the two policies differ and how they are similar.
Was an international body involved in the policy’s promotion? Should they have been if not?

By Day 3, submit a unified response that addresses the following:
Post information on the nursing or health-related policies you discovered, along with a link to the source.
Indicate the country to which you are comparing the United States.
 Contrast and compare the two policies. What conclusions did you get from this comparison?
What function do international organizations play in policy development? Please provide an example.
Read a few of your coworkers’ postings.

By Day 6, you should have responded to at least two of your coworkers in one or more of the following ways:
Ask a probing question that is supported by further background information, facts, or study.
Share an insight gained from reading your colleagues’ postings, combining the data to bring new views.
Using readings from the course or your own Walden Library research, offer and defend an opposing viewpoint.
Use your own experience and further research to validate a notion.
Make a recommendation based on additional evidence from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.
Expand on your colleagues’ posts by offering new insights or opposing viewpoints based on readings and evidence.

Note: For formal Discussion question posting and response grading requirements, please consult the Syllabus and Discussion Rubric.
Return to this Discussion in a few days to read the replies to your first post.
Take note of what you learned and/or any insights you acquired as a result of your colleagues’ comments.

Be sure to support your work with specific citations from this week’s Learning
Resources and any additional sources.
Submission and Grading Information
Grading Criteria
To access your rubric:
Week 10 Discussion Rubric
Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6
To participate in this Discussion:
Week 10 Discussion

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Learning Resources

Please click on the link to the Course Readings List in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus to access this week’s required library resources.

Readings Required
T. Bodenheimer and K. Grumbach (2016).
A clinical approach to understanding health policy (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Medical, New York, NY. Chapter 14, “Health Care in Four Nations”
The health-care systems of Germany, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Japan are compared in this chapter. All of these countries provide universal health care; however, they organize and finance health care in different ways.
D.A. Asadov and T.Y. Aripov (2009). Is the quality of care in post-Soviet Uzbekistan improving as a result of health reforms and international efforts? 725–728 in Public Health, 123(11).
You will find this article in the Walden Library databases.

The authors discuss why health care initiatives in developing countries, such as
Uzbekistan, are not succeeding, even with international involvement. They suggest
involving regional input and consideration for better success.
Baillie, L., & Gallagher, A. (2009). Evaluation of the Royal College of Nursing’s ‘Dignity:
At the heart of everything we do’ campaign: Exploring challenges and enablers. Journal
of Research in Nursing, 15(1), 15–28.
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

This article provides details from a study concerning the Royal College of Nursing’s
campaign to promote dignity in care. The authors focus on two aspects of the
study—“enablers” and “challenges” of providing dignity in care to patients.

Clarke, S. P., & Aiken, L. H. (2008). An international hospital outcomes research
agenda focused on nursing: Lessons from a decade of collaboration. Journal of Clinical
Nursing, 17(24), 3317–3323.
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

The authors depict findings from an international nursing survey, which concludes that
nurses work experiences (positive and negative) are remarkably consistent across
countries, regardless of cultural differences. The authors propose that a global effort to
improve the nurses work environments will lead to improved patient care.
Crigger, N. (2008). Towards a viable and just global nursing ethics. Nursing Ethics,
15 (1), 17–27.
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

This article discusses global justice and the nursing profession, and proposes five
characteristics to guide global ethics. The author proposes that technology and
business can act as barriers to global justice.
Eckenwiler, L. A. (2009). The WHO code of practice on the international recruitment of
health personnel: We have only just begun. Developing World Bioethics, 9(1).
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has drafted a Code of Practice to encourage
global health care policies. The author focuses on the detrimental impact of health care
professionals migrating from source countries (usually the global South) to destination
countries. The author suggests that WHO could be more specific in the code relating to
stakeholders and shared responsibilities to promote collaboration by all parties involved
in global health care.
Koch, K., Schurmann, C., & Sawicki, P. (2010). The German health care system in
international comparison: A patient perspective. Deutsches Arzteblatt International
107(24), 427–434.
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

This article provides information gleaned from a Commonwealth Fund survey on
international health care experiences. The authors report a variation in patient
experiences and satisfaction internationally but German respondents reported less
satisfaction than most countries. German patients tend to be seen by more than one
doctor, and perhaps the reported dissatisfaction can be traced to a lack of coordination
in care.

Lartey, S., Cummings, G., & Profetto-McGrath, J. (2014). Interventions that promote
retention of experienced registered nurses in health care settings: A systematic review.
Journal of Nursing Management, 22(8), 1027-1041. doi:10.1111/jonm.12105
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

The authors of this study examine the effectiveness of strategies for retaining experienced Registered Nurses.

Noting the challenges of nursing shortages on a global scale, the authors explore those factors that could promote the retention of experienced nurses and suggest new opportunities for fulfilling a sustained nursing workforce.
Tyer-Viola, L., Nicholas, P., Corless, I., Barry, D., Hoyt, P., Fitzpatrick, J., & Davis, S.
(2009). Social responsibility of nursing: a global perspective. Policy, Politics & Nursing
Practice, 10(2), 110–118. doi: 10.1177/1527154409339528
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

This article depicts a study that examines nursing, social responsibility, and global
health. The authors focus on concepts such as social justice, human rights, nurse
migration, and nurse education as well as strategies to address these issues.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2010). Managing health workforce migration—The
global Code of Practice. Retrieved from
http://www.who.int/hrh/migration/code/practice/en/index.html

In 2010, WHO created the “Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health
Personnel,” which urges a global policy on the recruitment of health care workers that
would result in better global health care outcomes.
International Council of Nurses. (2010). International Council of Nurses. Retrieved
from http://www.icn.ch/

This website provides information from the ICN, an international federation of nurses
associations. The ICN is a global organization, operated by nurses that advocates the
profession of nursing and promotes global health care policy.
Royal College of Nursing. (2011). The Royal College of Nursing. Retrieved
from http://www.rcn.org.uk/

The RCN represents the interests of nurses in the United Kingdom and promotes health
care policy.
Optional Resources
Evans, C., & Ndirangu, E. (2008). The nursing implications of routine provider-initiated
HIV testing and counseling in sub-Saharan Africa: A critical review of new policy
guidance from WHO/UNAIDS. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46(5), 723–731.
France, C. (2008). The form and context of federalism: Meaning for health care
financing. Journal of Health Politics, Policy & Law, 33(4), 649–705. doi:
10.1215/03616878-2008-012

International Nursing Review. (2009). ICN initiative to fortify health workforce will open
new Centre in Uganda. International Nursing Review, 56(2), 151–152.
Pulcini, J., Jelic, M., Gul, R., & Loke, A. Y. (2010). An international survey on advanced
practice nursing education, practice, and regulation. Journal of Nursing Scholarship,
42(1), 31–39.

Nursing and Health Policy in Other Nations NURS 8100 Discussion