NUR 601 Week 4 Discussion 1: Grand Theory Group Presentation Reflections

Initial Post

One student in each group should post their Grand Theory Presentation website/URL by Day 3.

Please respond to the following prompts:

• Describe your thoughts on the grand theory about which your group presented.
• What were the challenges that you faced in understanding the theory?
• How did you attempt to resolve those challenges?

Your initial post should contain two- to three-paragraphs of three- to four-sentences per paragraph. The post should integrate a minimum of three readings and/or other evidence-based research articles no more than three years old and use APA formatting for citations and references.

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Reply Posts

After watching the Grand Theory Group Presentations posted, please respond to the following:

• Discuss the similarities and differences in how each nursing theorist (your group’s theorist compared to two other groups’ theorists, clearly identifying each group) defined metaparadigm concepts (that is, patient, health, environment, and nursing). Ensure you clearly identify to which group’s presentation you are discussing.

Use a minimum of two scholarly references in APA style to support your replies.

Please refer to the Grading Rubric for details on how this activity will be graded. The described expectations meet the passing level of 80 percent.

Posting to the Discussion Forum

1. Select the appropriate Thread.
2. Select Reply.
3. Create your post.
4. Select Post to Forum.

GROUP A

I found the grand theory by Dorothea Orem to be particularly important and relevant to nursing practice today. The three areas focused on in her theory self-care, self-care deficit, and nursing systems theory to be relevant in my own practice. Self-care is defined as a human regulatory function that is a deliberate action to supply or ensure the supply of necessary materials needed for continued life, growth and development and maintenance for human integrity (McEwen & Willis, 2018). Identifying that there is a need for self-care and that deficits may exist in humans is crucial. Nursing is needed when a deficit exists, and a person cannot provide self-care for themselves. The interaction between the nurse and the patient occurs when the need of the patient’s exceeds their ability to provide self-care.

Many of the nursing tasks in today’s medical field relate to Orem’s self-care deficit theory. For example, placing an NG tube to supply a patient with appropriate nutrition during a time they are unable to consume nutrition by mouth can exemplify a nurse’s role in the self-care deficit theory. The patient is not able to appropriately meet their self-care needs, warranting the need of a nurse to provide this care. “The fundamental philosophy of Orem’s theory is that all clients want care by themselves, and they are able to improve more quickly and completely by performing their own care as much as possible.” (Naz, 2017). Understanding the Orem’s theory is not revolved around nursing providing care and that her aim was to provide care only when necessary to support independence of the patient to provide own self-care if possible.

Orem’s theory emphasized the importance of identifying potential for self-care deficit. As nurses we are constantly assessing a patient’s status and identifying ways Orem’s theory is relevant to medicine today is identifying self-care deficits for those diagnosed

with covid-19. There are a variety of considerations with the diagnosis of covid-19. For example, if a patient is diagnosed with a mild case of covid-19 they are likely to be sent home to quarantine and advised ways to treat self while at home. These cases support the idea that a person is capable of self-care, but the nurse should consider anxieties associated with the diagnosis even in mild cases. Providing support and guidance can reduce the amount of anxiety a person is feeling and help them to cope appropriately (Ferreira, 2021). In this example the nurse is still interacting with the patient and finding ways to support areas they may have self-care deficits in while also promoting the fundamental philosophy that patients should perform their own care as much as possible.

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Challenges I faced in understanding the theory included following and dissecting all aspect of the theory. Due to its evolving nature examining the basics then further expanding into other areas of the theory took time to fully comprehend. When our team was having difficulty understanding an area of the grand theory, we all appropriately communicated and supported each other through important questions raised throughout. Our team also utilized evidence-based practice research to understand the grand theory in nursing practice today. Our interpersonal communication and use of scholarly work helped us to successfully work through any challenges throughout examining this grand theory.

References 

Ferreira, A., Fontes, C.M.B., Graziela, M.F., Marielle P., Nascimento, T., & Silva, R.P., (2021). Coronavirus infections: health care planning based on Orem’s Nursing Theory. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 74(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0281

McEwen, M., & Wills, E., (2019). Theoretical Basis for Nursing Practice (5th ed.). Wolters Kluwer Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

Naz, S., (2017). Application of Dorothea Orem’s theory into nursing practice. Journal of Rehman Medical Institute, 3(3-4), 1-4.

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GROUP C

Group C, I enjoyed expanding my knowledge on Virginia Henderson. I agree that Henderson’s theory is one that not only focuses on caring for the patient but also values their independence to care for themselves. The efforts by Henderson to meet the needs of patients touches upon a series of different nursing theories. Dorothea Orem emphasizes the self-care aspect of nursing practice but also considers similar basic needs that Henderson did. Both theories work congruently with emphasis on different areas of the theories. Henderson’s list of basic human needs is more in depth than ones of Orem. Orem identified air, water, food, activity and rest, and hazard prevention as basic human needs (Nursing Theory, 2020). Henderson expanded upon the basic human needs including breathing normally, eating and drinking adequately, elimination of body waste, move and maintain posture, sleep and rest, suitable clothing selection and undress, access to necessary resources to maintenance of body temperature, hygiene, avoiding of environmental danger, communication with others to express needs, fears and thoughts, able to practice faith, accessibility to sense of accomplishment, play/recreation, and ability to obtain education (Nursing Theory, 2020).

The metapardigm of nursing includes health, environment, nursing and patient.Henderson’s metapardigm includes the basic needs of the individual, the environment in which the individual lives, the definition of health based on an individual’s ability to function independently, and the basic concepts of nursing carried out by the nurse in caring for the patient (American Sentinel College of Nursing, 2020). Orem differs in that her theory focuses o the individuality of the person and how self-care exist through the patients ability. The metaparadigm for Orem is similar to Henderson with more emphasis on the individual as opposed to nursing care.

NUR 601 Week 4 Discussion 1: Grand Theory Group Presentation Reflections

References

Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory. (2020). Nursing Theory. https://nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/orem-self-care-deficit-theory.php

Virginia Henderson: Nursing Theory. (2020). Nursing Theory. https://www.nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Virginia-Henderson.php

Henderson: The Nightingale of Modern Nursing, (2020). American Sentinel College of Nursing. https://www.americansentinel.edu/blog/2020/09/08/virginia-henderson-the-nightingale-of-modern-nursing/

GROUP D