Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and Human Subject Research
Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and Human Subject Research essay assignment
Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and Human Subject Research essay assignment
Description
Instructions This exam covers the textbook material from weeks one through four. Read each question and consider your answers carefully. You may want to begin your answers on a separate sheet of paper. If you use words from the textbook or another source, please identify those words by placing them in quotation marks and identify the source. You do not have to include a reference page in this exam, but you do need to give credit where credit is due.
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Describe an example of the word research being used inappropriately. Be clear about how your example deviates from the definition of research offered in the textbook.
Q U E S T I O N 1
Why is it important that the researcher articulate, as clearly as possible, all assumptions that affect the research problem?
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Q U E S T I O N 2
Daphne has been a member of a research team studying interpersonal aggression among preschoolers for more than a year. In that time, her team has repeatedly employed a consistent set of techniques and procedures to study preschoolers as they interact in a number of settings. The procedures revolve around volunteer mothers bringing their children to the university child development lab for a “play session” that is the basis of the formal observations. Settings they have studied so far include: the university pre-school, affluent local day-care centers, and a pre-kindergarten program being offered in the neighborhood school district. All of these settings were fairly racially homogenous.
Daphne has just learned that a friend of a friend can help her gain research access, in the near future, to preschoolers in an unusually racially diverse though impoverished preschool setting. Daphne decides she has no time to prepare a formal research proposal before embarking on the study. “Besides,” she thinks, “this study
Q U E S T I O N 3
Is Daphne leaving herself open to problems in this situation, or is she safe moving ahead with no formal proposal, given how familiar she is with the study techniques and procedures?
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Arial 3 (12pt)
Kirby is conducting a literature review in preparation for his study of “expectations regarding the sharing of financial and practical responsibilities among married and cohabiting couples in which both partners are between the ages of 20 and 29.” Conducting a keyword search on “couples” and “responsibility,” Kirby has generated a lengthy list of research articles. He decides to shorten the list of potential articles by eliminating all articles that were not published in prestigious research journals. He will include all the remaining articles in his literature review.
What is your opinion of Kirby’s approach to selecting articles for the literature review? Explain.
Q U E S T I O N 4
You are reading a literature review written by a novice researcher in your field. You notice that the researcher seems to have relied heavily on an Internet search while conducting the literature review. Your hunch is supported when you glance at the reference page and find a long list of Internet addresses. What goes through your mind regarding the quality and adequacy of the literature review in this situation?
A general overview of some typical case studies that IRBs might encounter.
- Medical Research: In this type of case study, researchers might propose a study that involves testing a new medical treatment or drug. The IRB will review the study to ensure that the risks to participants are minimal, that the benefits outweigh the risks, and that participants provide informed consent.
- Social and Behavioral Research: This type of study involves research in the social or behavioral sciences, such as studies on human behavior or psychology. The IRB will review the study to ensure that participants are not subjected to harm, that their privacy is protected, and that they provide informed consent.
- Educational Research: In this type of study, researchers may be conducting research in educational settings, such as schools or universities. The IRB will review the study to ensure that participants are not subjected to harm, that their privacy is protected, and that they provide informed consent.
- International Research: This type of study may involve research conducted in other countries or with participants from other countries. The IRB will review the study to ensure that cultural differences and language barriers are taken into account, that participants are not subjected to harm, that their privacy is protected, and that they provide informed consent.
- Research with Vulnerable Populations: This type of study may involve research with populations who may be considered vulnerable, such as children, pregnant women, or individuals with mental disabilities. The IRB will review the study to ensure that these populations are not subjected to harm, that their privacy is protected, and that they provide informed consent.
- Genetic Research: In this type of study, researchers may be studying genetic factors or conducting genetic testing. The IRB will review the study to ensure that participants understand the implications of genetic testing, that their privacy is protected, and that they provide informed consent.