HOMEOSTASIS & CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
HOMEOSTASIS & CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
What is homeostasis?
Differentiate between negative and positive feedback.
What does the term “circadian” mean?
How often does this rhythm repeat itself?
What makes this rhythm possible?
How long is a typical human cycle?
What is the role of light?
Is it the time keeping mechanism?
How does it influence the biological clock?
What mammalian brain structure is involved?
How does an irregular schedule affect health?
DATA ANALYSIS & SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
What does the biuret reagent do?
How are absorbance and transmittance related?
Which is measured on a linear scale?
OSMOSIS & DIFFUSION
What is the significance of 0.9% NaCl?
What information is needed to calculate the Molarity and Osmolarity of a 0.9% NaCl solution?
What happens to red blood cells in solutions that are hyper- tonic, hypo- tonic and isotonic compared to the cell?
What is the appearance in a test tube?
What is the appearance under the microscope?
Understand the osmometer demonstration (with the % sucrose solution).
What causes water to move up the pipet?
Why does the rate of osmosis decrease over time?
ENZYMATIC DIGESTION
Where does the majority of digestion occur in the body?
Which organ?
What is the importance of water in digestion?
What is emulsification?
How does pH influence digestive enzymes?
What is the ideal pH for lipase, amylase and pepsin?
IMMUNOASSAYS (ELISA)
Describe the mechanism of ELISA.
Why is ELISA so sensitive?
Why is it necessary to block unoccupied binding sites in the microtiter wells?
Why is it important to have a positive control?
What is the role of the secondary antibody, the substrate, the enzyme, the HIV antigen?
MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY
isometric contraction,
isotonic contraction,
tetanus,
motor unit recruitment,
temporal summation,
treppe,
maximal stimulus.
What is the “all or nothing” principal?
Does this describe the action of an individual muscle fiber or an entire muscle?
How is motor unit recruitment, temporal summation and tetanic contraction demonstrated in the lab?
What settings on the stimulator were adjusted to show this?
Does it take energy (ATP) to relax muscles?