Health Care in America questions

51. What financial benefit does a small rural hospital reap by qualifying for the designation, Critical Access Hospital?
It can receive specific federal grants for serving vulnerable populations
It can use its beds for either acute care or long-term care as needed
It can increase its profitability by receiving special payments for emergency services
It can receive cost-plus reimbursement under Medicare Part A
52. Which principle of ethics requires caregivers to involve the patient in medical decision making?
Paternalism
Fidelity
Beneficence
Autonomy
53. What is the main drawback of a living will?
It cannot cover all possible situations
The patient’s agent may not act in the patient’s best interest
The person formulating a living will must have a court appointed
guardian
It becomes invalid when the patient becomes incompetent
54. To participate in Medicare and Medicaid, a health care facility must be
conditioned
accredited
certified
licensed
55. Which entity oversees the licensure of health care facilities?
The Joint Commission
Federal government
State government
Local county or city government

56. Institutional theory predicts that
for-profit and nonprofit organizations will imitate each other when faced with similar regulatory and legal constraints
as an enterprise increases in size, its unit overhead costs would
decrease
as a hospital increases in size, its economies of scale dissipate
in competitive markets, both for-profit and nonprofit organizations
would deliver certain essential community benefits
57. Under this method, a primary care physician decides whether or not to refer a patient to a specialist.
Preauthorization
Prospective uti I ization review
Disease management
Closed-panel utiIization
58. When an MCO adopts capitation as the primary method of payment, which service is likely to be carved out?
Surgery
Gatekeeping
Mental health
Primary care
59. Which HMO model is likely to require heavy capital outlays to expand into new markets?
Staff model
Group model
Network model
IPA model
60. PPOs were created by __ in response to HMOs’ growing market share.
physicians
insurance companies
hospitals
independent contractors

61. Which of these organizations was specifically created to bring management expertise to physician group practices?
Virtual organizations
Physician-hospital organizations
Provider-sponsored organizations
Management services organizations
62. Where two organizations cease to exist, and a new corporation is formed:
Acquisition
Merger
Joint venture
Alliance
63. Regional health systems are often:
horizontally integrated
vertically integrated
formed into virtual organizations
formed into alliances
64.  requires that any health care need is recognized, evaluated, and addressed.
long-term care
health care
individual care
total care
65. What is the primary goal of long-term care?
help patients with increased pain
cure deadly diseases
preventing institutionalization
providing socialization

66. This type of clinical category for long-term care is non-medical care provided to support and requires no active medical treatments.
personal care
nursing care
custodial care
subacute care
67. What is the most common cause of mental retardation in America?
Down’s syndrome
autism
spina bifida
epilepsy
68. The prevalence of HIV in the population has:
increased
decreased
stayed the same
none of the above
69. Which law created two categories for nursing home certification purposes?
Nursing Home Reform Act
Medical Advancement Act
Nursing Home Alternatives Act
None of the above
70. Who is the primary payer for health care services for the elderly?
Medicaid
Medicare
private insurance
none of the above
71. What was the sixth leading cause of death for Hispanic males in 2003?
heart disease
malnutrition
diabetes
homicide

72. What factor has been found to be associated with the highest injury-related mortality rate among Indian children?
cultural
prenatal care
social
poverty
73. Most medically uninsured adults are employed but are not covered because:
their employer does not offer health benefits
they do not work enough hours to qualify for health benefits
they cannot afford the premium
all of the above.
74. Education and psychotherapy for children with HIV is an example of:
heatlh-related support services
population-based community health services
personal medical and preventive services
none of the above
75.  Who is the principal user of the health care system?
men
children
elderly
women
76. What is defined as a “high-impact” area?
areas with over 3,000 rural health clinics
areas that serve at least 4,000 migrant workers for at least two months per year.
areas that serve at least 12,000 community members per year
none of the above.

77. Which type of patient is most likely to experience disability and more severe medical illnesses?
diabetic
cancer
depressed
elderly
78. All of the following are factors effecting the growth in health spending EXCEPT:
uninsured patients
hospital services
prescription drugs
physician services
79. What is partly responsible for the surplus of specialists in the US?
greater access to financial aid
technology
increased population
none of the above
80. Defensive medicine leads to:
decreased cesarean sections
legal risks
unnecessary tests and services
none of the above
8l. What was the most sweeping price-control initiative for Medicare?
Economic Stabilization Program
Balanced Budget Act
Omnibus Budge Reconciliation
none of the above

82. What is NOT an implication for access to health and health care delivery?
access to medical care is one of the key determinants of health
measures of access reflect changes across the board
access is increasingly linked to quality of care
access is a significant benchmark in assessing effectiveness
83. Which main type of access refers to the type, site, and purpose of health services?
potential
realized
equitable
inequitable
84. What do proponents believe regarding clinical practice guidelines?
it reduces utilization
decreases scientific research
it promotes lower costs and better outcomes
increases technology
85. When public policy pertains to or influences the pursuit of health they become:
health policy
population policy
prevention policy
none of the above
86. A problem associated with government involvement in US Health Is:
escalating costs
bureaucratic inflexibility
excessive regulation
all of the above

87. An insurance risk pool:
helps people acquire private insurance otherwise unavailable
helps insurance companies decrease their costs
helps employers obtain insurance for their employees
none of the above
88. All BUT which of the following presidents is mentioned in the text as contributing major changes in health policies:
President Lyndon Johnson
President John Kennedy
President Harry Truman
President Bill Clinton
89. Which branch of government is the most active in policymaking?
executive
judicial
legislative
none of the above
90. Which group have policies been created to provide access to health care?
elderly
poor children
poor adults
all of the above
9l. What is the third main concern of health care policy?
cost
research
qualify of care
technology
92. The majority of employers currently offer:
long-term plan
defined benefit plan
deductible health plan
none of the above

93. The greatest challenge in insurance is:
maintaining a balance between healthy and sick enrollees
maintaining a balance between young and elder enrollees
maintaining a balance between premium and nonpremium enrollees
none of the above
94. What is a disadvantage of managed competition?
the medical infrastructure fluctuates
increased government bureaucracy
it cannot guarantee that everyone would have equal access to care
all of the above
95. Infectious diseases and health care must be viewed from a
perspective.
cost
cultural
global
multi-faceted
96. What is a strategy used to deal with nurse shortages?
investments in training
improvement in work environments
opening new schools
all of the above
97. What approach will be used in order to improve quality and productivity?
collaborative team approach
collaboration
cross-training
all of the above

98. What is the goal of evidence-based medicine?
increase the amount of patients
increase the availabilty of prescription medicine
increase the value of medicine
none of the above
99. What type of integration is represented by a chain of nursing homes?
Ve integration
Network
Horizontal integration
Diversification
100. Where a new corporation created by two partnering organizations remains independent:
Acquisition
Merger
Joint venture
Alliance