Diagnosis of Menopause Questions Assignment

Diagnosis of Menopause Questions Assignment

Question Description
I’m working on a health & medical question and need guidance to help me learn.

A 49-year-old female is discussing age-related changes with the nurse practitioner. She states that she is having irregular periods and “hot flashes.”

What other assessment data would substantiate the diagnosis of menopause?

What type of therapy would you expect this patient to receive? Why

Diagnose the following without laboratory tests in otherwise healthy women aged over 45 years with menopausal symptoms:

perimenopause based on vasomotor symptoms and irregular periods
menopause in women who have not had a period for at least 12 months and are not using hormonal contraception
menopause based on symptoms in women without a uterus.
1.2.2.
Take into account that it can be difficult to diagnose menopause in women who are taking hormonal treatments, for example for the treatment of heavy periods.

1.2.3.
Do not use the following laboratory and imaging tests to diagnose perimenopause or menopause in women aged over 45 years:

anti-Müllerian hormone
inhibin A
inhibin B
oestradiol
antral follicle count
ovarian volume.
1.2.4.
Do not use a serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) test to diagnose menopause in women using combined oestrogen and

progestogen contraception or high-dose progestogen.

1.2.5.
Consider using a FSH test to diagnose menopause only:

in women aged 40 to 45 years with menopausal symptoms, including a change in their menstrual cycle
in women aged under 40 years in whom menopause is suspected (see also section 1.6).
1.3. Information and advice
1.3.1.
Give information to menopausal women and their family members or carers (as appropriate) that includes:

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an explanation of the stages of menopause
common symptoms (see recommendation 1.3.2) and diagnosis
lifestyle changes and interventions that could help general health and wellbeing
benefits and risks of treatments for menopausal symptoms
long-term health implications of menopause.
1.3.2.
Explain to women that as well as a change in their menstrual cycle they may experience a variety of symptoms associated with menopause, including:

vasomotor symptoms (for example, hot flushes and sweats)
musculoskeletal symptoms (for example, joint and muscle pain)
effects on mood (for example, low mood)
urogenital symptoms (for example, vaginal dryness)
sexual difficulties (for example, low sexual desire).
1.3.3.
Give information to menopausal women and their family members or carers (as appropriate) about the following types of treatment for menopausal symptoms:

hormonal, for example hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
non-hormonal, for example clonidine
non-pharmaceutical, for example cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).
1.3.4.
Give information on menopause in different ways to help encourage women to discuss their symptoms and needs.

1.3.5.
Give information about contraception to women who are in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal phase. See guidance from the Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare on contraception for women aged over 40 years.

1.3.6.
Offer women who are likely to go through menopause as a result of medical or surgical treatment (including women with cancer, at high risk of hormone-sensitive cancer or having gynaecological surgery) support and:

information about menopause and fertility before they have their treatment
referral to a healthcare professional with expertise in menopause.