Define each of research, evidence-based practice, and evidence-informed practice

. Define each of research, evidence-based practice, and evidence-informed practice: You will write in full sentences and paragraphs as you answer each question. APA format, e.g., margins, font, and referencing, is expected, and a cover page is required. Include a very brief introduction section in which you lay out only what you will do in the assignment, e.g.,

In this assignment, I/we will first answer four questions related to concepts in the course textbook (authors and year). I/we will then critique a qualitative article (authors and year) and provide answers to five questions in part two of the assignment.
Do not provide a Conclusion section as it would not be useful for this assignment. Note that the typical introduction and conclusion sections are not applicable because this particular assignment is not really a written paper.

Do not use any external sources as references, e.g., the College of Nurses of Ontario. You must use only chapters 1, 2, 3, or 4 when references are required from the course textbook. Do not use the Preface section, the To the Student section, or a Research Vignette.

Please use headings appropriately – for example, the first main heading might simply be labelled as Part One. Before moving into a subheading to answer the first question, make sure you provide a brief statement about what you will do in this part. For example:

In this section, I/we will define …. I/we will also explain …. Finally, I/we will ….
Use the questions to form your subheadings; do not use numbers within your subheadings. For example, the subheading for the first question might be Defining Research, Evidence-Based Practice, and Evidence-Informed Practice. Then answer each of these aspects separately within a sentence or its own short paragraph. You need to include a specific reference for each aspect – do not just give a single reference for the overall question. You would then need a different level of subheading about the Main difference between the research and the evidence-informed practice processes. (plus remember to include a reference here too).

Part One (10 marks). Use your course text (see the course outline) and only the first four chapters as noted above, to answer the following questions 1-4 (and also part of question 7 in Part Two). Do not use another text otherwise some of your assignment would automatically be incorrect (e.g., references) and you might not earn a passing grade for those questions. You must provide the appropriate reference for each answer, i.e., the author(s), year, and page number(s). The full reference for each chapter you use must also be in the reference list – see the APA feedback template for an example of how to reference a chapter in an edited book and make sure you follow the correct format; do not only provide a reference to the whole book when you are answering questions 1-4 in Part One and question 7 in Part Two. Do not use direct quotes from your textbook. You need to put the answers into your own words to show that you understand, rather than that you can simply copy and paste.

questions:

1. Define each of research, evidence-based practice, and evidence-informed practice. Explain the main difference between the research and the evidence-informed practice processes.

(2.5 marks – 0.5 mark each for correct definitions; 0.5 mark for correctly explaining the main difference; 0.25 mark for each correct APA referencing: in answer and in reference list).

2. Define each of non-directional, directional, and null hypotheses. Explain what non-directional and directional have in common that is different from null.

(2.5 marks – 0.5 mark each for correct definitions; 0.5 for correctly explaining what in common/different; 0.25 mark for each correct APA referencing: in answer and in reference list).

3. Describe 2 ways in which you as a newly graduated nurse will be expected to use your research-related competencies.

(1.5 marks – 0.5 mark each for correct descriptions; 0.25 mark for each correct APA referencing: in answer and in reference list).

4. Define each of critical thinking and critical reading. Identify and describe 1 strategy that you plan to use for each of the 4 stages of the critical reading process (a total of 4 different strategies, not a single one to cover all stages).

(3.5 marks – 0.5 mark each for correct definitions; 0.5 mark for each correct strategy; 0.25 mark for each correct APA referencing: in answer and in reference list).

Part Two (10 marks).

Use the qualitative article indicated in the Course Outline to answer the following questions. Continue to write in full sentences and paragraphs. Continue to use a main heading and subheadings, e.g., the main heading for this section might be Part Two. Before moving into a subheading to answer the fifth question, make sure you provide a brief statement about what you will do in this part, e.g.,

In this section, I/we will critique specific parts of a qualitative article (authors and year). Where ratings are required, then I/we will use the ratings of weak, fair, good, or strong (or a combination such as good-strong). I/we will also provide supporting rationale for each answer.
Use the topic of a question to form your subheading, e.g., your subheading for the fifth question might be Critiquing the Title. Unlike in Part One, do not use subheadings of the subheading – questions 5-8 can each be written in a single paragraph and the last question will need one paragraph for the actual purpose and another paragraph for the rest of the question.

Include the reference for the article in the reference list and also in your brief introduction to this section. In addition, when asked to provide the section and associated page number (or numbers as appropriate) for every question that indicates they are required then you need to clearly do so. For example, if writing something about the Abstract then you might note (Thomson et al., 2017, p. 514) – note that you are not actually asked in this assignment to provide the section and page number for the abstract-related question. The section and page number(s) show that you know which part of an article to critique for a specific area, therefore they are very important.

Make sure to critique only within the appropriate section as you must use mostly the body of the paper when critiquing, not the abstract. The only time you use the abstract is when you are to critique the abstract itself.

Direct quotes from the article may be appropriate, e.g., when identifying the purpose. Note that direct quotes are acceptable in this part of your assignment only.

You need to provide evidence from the article to support your claims, e.g., when providing specific points of rationale to support a rating. Non-specific statements such as ‘the phenomenon of interest was identified in the study’ or the ‘sample/population was clear’ only show that you recall critiquing criteria. Such statements do not demonstrate that you understand how to apply those criteria and that you can understand the study. You need to provide content from the actual study to support your judgement (either as a direct quote or paraphrased), i.e., when providing your supporting rationale both for your general statements and for your specific points of rationale.

Use ONLY the ratings of WEAK, FAIR, GOOD, or STRONG (or a combination such as good-strong) in all questions where ratings are required.

questions:

5. Rate the title, including a supporting general statement, and then provide 2 specific points of rationale for your rating.

(1.5 marks – 0.25 mark for each: correct rating + supporting general statement; 0.5 mark for each correct specific point for rationale).

6. What style of abstract was provided? Rate the abstract and provide 2 specific points of rationale for your rating.

(2 marks – 0.5 mark for correct style; 0.25 mark for each: correct rating + supporting general statement; 0.5 mark for each correct specific point for rationale).

7. What paradigm was used to conduct this qualitative study? Provide 1 specific point of rationale to support your answer (include appropriate reference from course textbook).

(1.25 marks; 0.5 for correct paradigm; 0.5 for correct supporting point; 0.25 for correct reference from course textbook – in both answer and reference list).

8. Was the phenomenon of interest clearly identified? (Make sure you note yes or no and identify the correct section as well as page number). Rate the clarity of the phenomenon of interest and provide 2 specific points of rationale for your rating.

(2.25 marks – 0.25 mark for correct yes/no answer; 0.25 mark for each: correct rating + supporting general statement; 0.5 mark for each correct specific point for rationale; 0.25 mark for each: correct section and page number).

9. What was the purpose of this study? (Make sure you identify the correct section as well as page number). Rate the purpose and provide 3 specific points of rationale for your rating.

(3 marks – 0.5 mark for correct purpose; 0.25 mark for each: correct rating + supporting general statement; 0.5 mark for each correct specific point for rationale; 0.25 mark for each: correct section and page number).

Text book to be used for reference: chapter 1-4 only

LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J., Cameron, C., & Singh, M. D. (Eds.). (2018). Nursing research in Canada: Methods, critical appraisal, and utilization (4th ed.). Toronto, ON: Elsevier Canada.

Qualitative article to be used:

Thomson, R., Docherty, A., & Duffy, R. (2017). Nursing students’ experiences of mentorship in their final placement. British Journal of Nursing, 26(9), 514-521. doi:10.12968/bjon.2017.26.9.514