Body adaptation to stress through endocrine and sympathetic nervous systems.
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According to the book “stress is defined as any situation that upsets homeostasis and threatens ones physical or emotional well-being. Stress can effect people from time to time and the way our body reacts to it is through the endocrine and sympathetic nervous systems. Stress can come on from multiple things from physical to emotional for example: injury or depression. The way our body reacts is normally in the same way undergoing a stress response or general adaptation syndrome. These responses come from the sympathetic nervous system and use the endocrine system to elevate levels of epinephrine and cortisol. The GAS typically happens in three different stages: alarm reaction, stage of resistance, and stage of exhaustion. The alarm reaction that happens first is set off by the sympathetic nervous system releasing norpinephrine, and then followed by epinephrine by the adrenal medulla. This gets your body ready for the fight or flight response. The stage of resistance, this stage is dominated by cortisol, what happens is your body needs more energy so uses the cortisol to help break down fat and use it as energy to help fight the stress reaction. The thing is long term effects of cortisol on the body can have negative feedback. The stage of exhaustion, your body can go off of fat for a couple months but once the fat is burned off the body is now going to start breaking down muscle and weakening the body. This is the point in which your body reaches exhaustion. More included on the stage of exhaustion is it is now making it hard for your body to obtain glucose, the body then goes into water retention which causes hyertension, than the body can go into hypokalemia, resulting in muscular system dysfuctions. Death can occur from heart failure, kideny failure, or ongoing infection.
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