Bio-statistics Questions

Bio-statistics Questions

Bio-statistics Questions

Question Specification

Exercise 10: Biostatistics Questions

1.In the OH et al. (2014) study, what demographic variables were measured at the nominal level of measurement? Give a reason for your answer.

2. In this study, what statistics were used to describe body mass index (BMI)? Were these suitable? Give a reason for your answer.

3. Were the BMI score distributions similar in the intervention and control groups? Give a reason for your answer.

4. Was the difference in BMI between the intervention and control groups statistically significant? Give a reason for your answer.

5. Given a sample size of N=41, what percentage and frequency of the sample smoked? What was the percentage and frequency of non-drinkers (alcohol) in the sample? Display your calculations and round to the nearest whole percentage point.

6. What method was used to assess the study participants’ bone mineral density (BMD)? Discuss and document your response to the quality of this measurement method.

7. What statistic was used to compare the lumbar and femur neck BMDs between the intervention and control groups? Were the BMDs significantly different between the groups?

8. According to the researchers, there were no significant differences in the intervention and control groups’ baseline characteristics (see Table 2) At the start of the study, are these groups heterogeneous or homogeneous? Why is this significant in determining the efficacy of the therapeutic lifestyle modification (TLM) program?

9. According to Oh et al. (2014, p.296), “the adherence rate to the TLM program was 99.6 percent.” Discuss the significance of adherence to intervention, and document your response.

10. Was the study’s sample adequately described? Give a reason for your answer.

Exercise 16: Biostatistics Questions

1.What is the definition of degrees of freedom (df)? In their study, Canbulat et al. (2015) did not include the dfs. Why is knowing the df for a t ratio important? Calculate the df for this study using the df formula.

2. What are the means and standard deviations (SD) for the Buzzy intervention and control groups in terms of age? What statistical analysis is performed to determine the difference in age means between the two groups? Was this an appropriate method of analysis? Give a reason for your answer.

3. What is the t and p value for age? What do these findings imply?

4. What assumptions are made when performing the independent samples t-test?

5. Are the study’s groups independent or dependent? Give a reason for your answer.

6. For the two groups, what is the null hypothesis for procedural self-reported pain as measured by the Wong Baker Faces Scale (WBFS)? In this study, was the null hypothesis accepted or rejected? Give a reason for your answer.

7. Should a Bonferroni correction be used in this study? Give a reason for your answer.

8. What variable yielded the result t=-6.135, p=0.000? What does the outcome imply?

9. Do you think it was an expected or unexpected finding that both t values in Table 2 were statistically significant? Give a reason for your answer.

10. Describe one potential clinical benefit of the Buzzy intervention, which combined cold and vibration during IV insertion, for pediatric patients.

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Exercise 17: Biostatistics Questions

1.What assumptions are made when conducting a paired or dependent samples t-test in a study? Which of these assumptions do you believe the Lindseth et al. (2014) study met?

2. Lindesth et al. (2014) described a “2-week washout between diets” in the introduction. What exactly does this mean? What is the significance of this?

3. What is the paired t-test value for mood (irritability) among participants who consume high- or low-aspartame diets? Is this a statistically significant result? Give a reason for your answer.

4. Describe the null hypothesis tested in this study for mood (irritability). This hypothesis was accepted or rejected. Give an explanation for your answer.

5. In Table 2, which t value represents the greatest relative or standardized difference between the high- and low-aspartame diets? Is this t statisticianically significant? Give a reason for your answer.

6. Explain why larger t values have a higher chance of being statistically significant.

7. Discuss the significance of the depression study’s findings. What is the clinical significance of this finding?

8. What is the paired t-test value with the smallest value in Table 2? What makes you believe that the smaller t values are not statistically significant?

9. Discuss the clinical significance of these aspartame consumption study results. Document your response with a source.

10. Are the study’s findings on the consumption of high- and low-aspartame diets ready for use in practice? Give an explanation for your answer.

Exercise 10: Biostatistics Questions

1.In the OH et al. (2014) study, what demographic variables were measured at the nominal level of measurement? Give a reason for your answer.

2. In this study, what statistics were used to describe body mass index (BMI)? Were these suitable? Give a reason for your answer.

3. Were the BMI score distributions similar in the intervention and control groups? Give a reason for your answer.

4. Was the difference in BMI between the intervention and control groups statistically significant? Give a reason for your answer.

5. Given a sample size of N=41, what percentage and frequency of the sample smoked? What was the percentage and frequency of non-drinkers (alcohol) in the sample? Display your calculations and round to the nearest whole percentage point.

6. What method was used to assess the study participants’ bone mineral density (BMD)? Discuss and document your response to the quality of this measurement method.

7. What statistic was used to compare the lumbar and femur neck BMDs between the intervention and control groups? Were the BMDs significantly different between the groups?

8. According to the researchers, there were no significant differences in the intervention and control groups’ baseline characteristics (see Table 2) At the start of the study, are these groups heterogeneous or homogeneous? Why is this significant in determining the efficacy of the therapeutic lifestyle modification (TLM) program?

9. According to Oh et al. (2014, p.296), “the adherence rate to the TLM program was 99.6 percent.” Discuss the significance of adherence to intervention, and document your response.

10. Was the study’s sample adequately described? Give a reason for your answer.

Exercise 16: Biostatistics Questions

1.What is the definition of degrees of freedom (df)? In their study, Canbulat et al. (2015) did not include the dfs. Why is knowing the df for a t ratio important? Calculate the df for this study using the df formula.

2. What are the means and standard deviations (SD) for the Buzzy intervention and control groups in terms of age? What statistical analysis is performed to determine the difference in age means between the two groups? Was this an appropriate method of analysis? Give a reason for your answer.

3. What is the t and p value for age? What do these findings imply?

4. What assumptions are made when performing the independent samples t-test?

5. Are the study’s groups independent or dependent? Give a reason for your answer.

6. For the two groups, what is the null hypothesis for procedural self-reported pain as measured by the Wong Baker Faces Scale (WBFS)? In this study, was the null hypothesis accepted or rejected? Give a reason for your answer.

7. Should a Bonferroni correction be used in this study? Give a reason for your answer.

8. What variable yielded the result t=-6.135, p=0.000? What does the outcome imply?

9. Do you think it was an expected or unexpected finding that both t values in Table 2 were statistically significant? Give a reason for your answer.

10. Describe one potential clinical benefit of the Buzzy intervention, which combined cold and vibration during IV insertion, for pediatric patients.

Exercise 10: Biostatistics Questions

1.In the OH et al. (2014) study, what demographic variables were measured at the nominal level of measurement? Give a reason for your answer.

2. In this study, what statistics were used to describe body mass index (BMI)? Were these suitable? Give a reason for your answer.

3. Were the BMI score distributions similar in the intervention and control groups? Give a reason for your answer.

4. Was the difference in BMI between the intervention and control groups statistically significant? Give a reason for your answer.

5. Given a sample size of N=41, what percentage and frequency of the sample smoked? What was the percentage and frequency of non-drinkers (alcohol) in the sample? Display your calculations and round to the nearest whole percentage point.

6. What method did the study use to assess the study participants’ bone mineral density (BMD)? Discuss and document your response to the quality of this measurement method.

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7. What statistic was used to compare the lumbar and femur neck BMDs between the intervention and control groups? Were the BMDs significantly different between the groups?

8. According to the researchers, there were no significant differences in the intervention and control groups’ baseline characteristics (see Table 2) At the start of the study, are these groups heterogeneous or homogeneous? Why is this significant in determining the efficacy of the therapeutic lifestyle modification (TLM) program?

9. According to Oh et al. (2014, p.296), “the adherence rate to the TLM program was 99.6 percent.” Discuss the significance of adherence to intervention, and document your response.

10. Was the study’s sample adequately described? Give a reason for your answer.

Exercise 16: Biostatistics Questions

1.What is the definition of degrees of freedom (df)? In their study, Canbulat et al. (2015) did not include the dfs. Why is knowing the df for a t ratio important? Calculate the df for this study using the df formula.

2. What are the means and standard deviations (SD) for the Buzzy intervention and control groups in terms of age? What statistical analysis is performed to determine the difference in age means between the two groups? Was this an appropriate method of analysis? Give a reason for your answer.

3. What is the t and p value for age? What do these findings imply?

4. What assumptions are made when performing the independent samples t-test?

5. Are the study’s groups independent or dependent? Give a reason for your answer.

6. For the two groups, identify the null hypothesis for procedural self-reported pain as measured by the Wong Baker Faces Scale (WBFS). In this study, was the null hypothesis accepted or rejected? Give a reason for your answer.

7. Should a Bonferroni correction be used in this study? Give a reason for your answer.

8. What variable yielded the result t=-6.135, p=0.000? What does the outcome imply?

9. Do you think it was an expected or unexpected finding that both t values in Table 2 were statistically significant? Give a reason for your answer.

10. Describe one potential clinical benefit of the Buzzy intervention, which combined cold and vibration during IV insertion, for pediatric patients.

Exercise 17: Biostatistics Questions

1.What assumptions are made when conducting a paired or dependent samples t-test in a study? Which of the following assumptions did the Lindseth et al. (2014) study meet?

2. Lindesth et al. (2014) described a “2-week washout between diets” in the introduction. What exactly does this mean? What is the significance of this?

3. What is the paired t-test value for mood (irritability) among participants who consume high- or low-aspartame diets? Is this a statistically significant result? Give a reason for your answer.

4. Describe the null hypothesis tested in this study for mood (irritability). Was the hypothesis approved or rejected? Give an explanation for your answer.

5. In Table 2, which t value represents the greatest relative or standardized difference between the high- and low-aspartame diets? Is this t statisticianically significant? Give a reason for your answer.

6. Explain why larger t values have a higher chance of being statistically significant.

7. Discuss the significance of the depression study’s findings. What is the clinical significance of this finding?

8. What is the paired t-test value with the smallest value in Table 2? What makes you believe that the smaller t values are not statistically significant?

9. Discuss the clinical significance of these aspartame consumption study results. Document your response with a source.

10. Are the study’s findings on the consumption of high- and low-aspartame diets ready for use in practice? Give an explanation for your answer.

Exercise 17: Biostatistics Questions

1.What assumptions are made when conducting a paired or dependent samples t-test in a study? Which of the following assumptions do you believe Lindseth et al. (2014)’s study met?

2. Lindesth et al. (2014) described a “2-week washout between diets” in the introduction. What exactly does this mean? What is the significance of this?

3. What is the paired t-test value for mood (irritability) among participants who consume high- or low-aspartame diets? Is this a statistically significant result? Give a reason for your answer.

4. Describe the null hypothesis tested in this study for mood (irritability). This hypothesis was accepted or rejected. Give an explanation for your answer.

5. In Table 2, which t value represents the greatest relative or standardized difference between the high- and low-aspartame diets? Is this t statisticianically significant? Give a reason for your answer.

6. Explain why larger t values have a higher chance of being statistically significant.

7. Discuss the significance of the depression study’s findings. What is the clinical significance of this finding?

8. What is the paired t-test value with the smallest value in Table 2? What makes you believe that the smaller t values are not statistically significant?

9. Discuss the clinical significance of these aspartame consumption study results. Document your response with a source.

10. Are the study’s findings on the consumption of high- and low-aspartame diets ready for use in practice? Give an explanation for your answer.