Assignment: Patterns of Socialization.
Assignment: Patterns of Socialization.
Assignment: Patterns of Socialization.
Assignment: Patterns of Socialization.
sexually active young girls who underestimate the likelihood that they themselves might get pregnant (Gerrard, McCann, & Fortini, 1983). One study linked this type of optimistic bias to teen smoking. Song, Glantz, and Halpern-Felsher (2009) surveyed over 300 ninth graders every six months for two years. They found that adolescents who perceived low risk associated with being exposed to secondhand smoke were more likely to start smoking in subsequent months than were those who perceived secondhand smoke to be risky. Risk taking can also be viewed as an adolescent’s effort to assert independence from parents and to achieve adult status (Jessor, 1992). However, not all teens engage in reckless behaviors, and even the ones who do seldom limit their activities to those legally sanctioned for adults. Arnett (1995) argued that risk taking must be viewed in the larger context of an adolescent’s socialization. Some teens experience narrow socialization, which he characterized as involving strong allegiance to the family and community, clear expectations and responsibilities, unambiguous standards of conduct, and swift sanctions for any deviation from those standards. Other teens are raised in an environment of broad socialization, where independence and autonomy are encouraged, standards of conduct are loose or even self-determined, and enforcement of standards is lenient and uneven. Arnett argued that in addition to parents, the schools, the legal system, and even the media contribute to these overarching patterns of socialization. As might be expected, risk taking is more prevalent in cultures in which socialization is broad rather than narrow (see Arnett, 1999, for a review).You must proofread your paper.
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