Viruses, Bacteria and Genetic Engineering

Viruses, Bacteria and Genetic Engineering
1. Use this diagram to describe the structure of a virus:

http://www.neodymsystems.com/ring/r_img/virus_aids.jpg

2. How do viruses reproduce using the machinery of the cell?

3. What is a retrovirus? It is the opposite of the usual DNA to RNA flow of genetic information (retro means backwards)

4. What is reverse transcriptase?Catalyzes reverse transcription, the synthesis of DNA on an RNA templete.

5. What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?HIV is human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS is acquired immune deficiency syndrome. HIV infects and eventually kills several kinds of white blood cells that are important for immunity

6. How are bacteria different from viruses?Bacteria can transfer genes from cell to cell by one of three processes: transformation, transduction or conjugation. Viruses can be regarded as genes packaged in protein.

7. What are the three types of bacteria?It’s the 3 ways that bacteria can transfer DNA are by Transformation, Transduction and Conjugation

8. List some beneficial functions of bacteria?

9. Describe the various DNA structures within bacteria.

10. How has natural selection led to antibiotic resistance by bacteria?

11. What are the goals of genetic engineering?

12. What is a restriction enzyme?

13. Why are sticky ends important to gene splicing?

14. How do plasmids and viruses serve as vectors?

15. What is PCR and why is it useful?

16. What is gel electrophoresis and why is it useful?

17. How was the human genome discovered?

18. What are transposons?

19. How is biotechnology used in agriculture?

20. What is the controversy of using GMOs?

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